SAP ABAP Tutorial

SAP BDC Interview Questions SAP HR Interview Questions

2008-06-09T15:33:00.004+05:30

what is the difference between bdc and lsmw ?

Have you set up a back ground jb ? How to create a background job without a variant ?

Open datasets, Read datasets ( Reading and writing data to files)

Data conversion experience from Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible ?

How to read files and process BDCs automatically

Difference between /N and /BEND

BDC vs Direct Loads( have you used direct loads on SAP tables )

What kind of BDC programs are written ?

What is the difference between Upload and WS_Upload ?

Recording Function

Update types in Call transaction method. What is the difference ?

SM35 transaction . How to automate BDC ?

Call transaction method, how to capture the errors ?

How to load data from MS Excel sheet to SAP by using BDC method ?

How to do back ground processing in BDC Session method ?

If i want to excute a program only in background not in forground is there any option for this?

what are the table controls in BDC ? what is the difference between bdc and lsmw ? what is the difference between bdc and rfc ?

What is the difference between call transaction and session method?

History of SAP

2007-01-01T14:50:00.002+05:30

SAP was founded in the year 1972 as Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung ("System Analysis and Protocol Development")by five former IBM engineers in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg (Dietmar Hopp, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, Klaus E. Tschira, and Claus Wellenreuther).

As part of the Xerox exit strategy from the computer industry, Xerox retained IBM to migrate their business systems to IBM technology. As part of IBM's compensation for the migration, IBM acquired the SDS/SAPE software, reportedly for a contract credit of $80,000. The SAPE software was given by IBM to the founding ex-IBM employees in exchange for founding stock provided to IBM, reportedly 8%. Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was SAP's first ever customer in 1972.

The acronym was later changed to stand for Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung ("Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing").

In 1976, "SAP GmbH" was founded and the following year, it moved its headquarters to Walldorf. SAP AG became the company's official name after the 2005 annual general meeting (AG is short for Aktiengesellschaft).

In August 1988, SAP GmbH transferred into SAP AG (a corporation by German law), and public trading started November 4. Shares are listed on the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges.

Four of the founding members -- Hopp, Plattner, Tschira and Hector -- form the executive board. In 1995, SAP was included in the German stock index DAX. On 22 September 2003, SAP was included in the Dow Jones STOXX 50.[6] In 1991, Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann joined the board; Dr. Peter Zencke became a board member in 1993. Claus Heinrich,and Gerhard Oswald [9] have been members of the SAP Executive Board since 1996. Two years later, in 1998, the first change at the helm took place. Dietmar Hopp and Klaus Tschira moved to the supervisory board and Dietmar Hopp was appointed Chairman of the supervisory board. Henning Kagermann was appointed as Co-Chairman and CEO of SAP next to Hasso Plattner. Werner Brandt joined SAP in 2001 as a member of the SAP Executive Board and Chief Financial Officer. Léo Apotheker has been a member of the SAP Executive Board and president of Global Customer Solutions & Operations since 2002, was appointed Deputy CEO in 2007, and then became co-CEO alongside Kagermann in 2008.

Henning Kagermann became the sole CEO of SAP in 2003. In February 2007 his contract was extended until 2009. After continuous disputes over the responsibility of the development organization, Shai Agassi, a member of the executive board who had been named as a potential successor to Kagermann, left the organization.[12] In April 2008, along with the announcement of Leo Apotheker as co-CEO, the SAP supervisory board also appointed to the SAP Executive Board, three new members, effective 1 July 2008: Corporate Officers Erwin Gunst, Bill McDermott and Jim Hagemann Snabe.

ABAP Modularization Interview Questions

2006-05-06T13:30:00.000+05:30

Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure?

Yes.

What is Modularization and its benefits?

If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.

Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques.

· Source code module.

· Subroutines.

· Functions.

How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program?

· By defining Macros.

· By creating include programs in the library.

M is the attribute type of the module program.

Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?

No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or function modules.

What are subroutines?

Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.

What are the types of Subroutines?

· Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).

· External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.

It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F).

False.

A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)

False.

Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters.

What are the different types of parameters?

Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.

Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.

How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?

· Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.

· Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.

What are the different methods of passing data?

· Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes.

· Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.

· Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.

The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.

How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be distinguished when passed to a subroutine?

Itab [] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line.

What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal tables without header lines & why?

Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from the table.

A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)

True.

A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.

Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).

True.

What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?

In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.

What is a function group?

A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.

What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?

During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to changes to the original data objects.

A function module can be called from a transaction screen outside an ABAP/4 program. (T/F).

True.

What is an update task?

It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database.

What happens if a function module runs in an update task?

The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the call immediately, the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the ‘COMMIT WORK’ command.

The function modules are created and stored in the Function Library.

When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N)

True.

What is the use of the RAISING exception?

The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself or leave the exception to the system.

What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?

· The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.

· You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.

· In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.

· Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface.

It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group. (T/F).

False.

What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups?

The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatically prefixes any other field groups with the header field group.

Can a filed occur in several field groups.

Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy.
When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field group.

What does the insert statement in extract datasets do?

It defines the fields of a field group.

What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?

The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands.

A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. (T/F).

False.

While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea for interface (T/F)

False.

The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F)

False. It causes runtime errors.
The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50.

While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F).

False.
While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file. The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.

The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort statements. (T/F)

FALSE.

ABAP Modularization

2006-05-06T13:00:00.001+05:30

ABAP Modularization

ABAP Programs are modular in structure and made up of different processing blocks.

Processing Blocks divided into two parts:

- Called from outside a program by the ABAP runtime system. (Modularization in Source
Code)
o Macros
o Include programs

- Called by ABAP statements in ABAP programs.
o Subroutines
o Functional Modules
o Methods

Source Code Modularization:
In source code modularization you place a sequence of ABAP statements in a module. Then instead of placing all statements in your main program you just call the module. It helps to avoid repeating the same statements. They are not used to modularize tasks or functions. Procedures used for this purpose.

ABAP contains two types of source code modules :
1. MACROS
2. INCLUDES

1. MACROS :
Through Macro you can reuse same set of statements more then once in a program. Macros can be useful in for long calculations or complex WRITE statements. You can use Macros within a program in which it is defined, and it can only be called in lines of program following its definition.
Syntax
Define .
Statements …
End-of-Definition .

Statement can contain up to nine place holders (&1, &2,&3…..&9).

Macros do not belong to the definition part of the program. This means that the DEFINE...ENDOF-DEFINITION block is not interpreted before the processing blocks in the program. At the same time, however, macros are not operational statements that are executed within a processing block at runtime. When the program is generated, macro definitions are not taken into account at the point at which they are defined.

2. INCLUDES
Include programs are global R/3 objects and are solely for modularizing source code and have no parameter interface.

Include programs have two functions:
- Library
Include program allows you to use same source code in different programs.

- Order
Include program allows you to manage complex program in an orderly way. Function Groups and Module Pools use include program to store parts of the program that belongs together. Special include is the TOP include of a program.

Include Programs can not call themselves.
Include Program must contain complete statements.

DATA DICTIONARY Interview Questions

2006-02-05T13:10:00.000+05:30

DATA DICTIONARY

1. What are the layers of data descriptions in R/3?
The external layer
The ABAP/4 layer
The database layer

2. Define external layer.
The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts With the data, that is, the data format in the user interface. This data Format is independent of the database system used.

3. Define ABAP/4 layer?
The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.

4. Define Database layer?
The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.

5. What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the database.

6. What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.

7. How Many types of size categories and data classes are there?
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes, only three of which are appropriate for application tables:
APPL0 - Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated)
APPL1 - Transaction data (data that is changed frequently)
APPL2 - Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is Configured and then rarely changed)
The other two types are:
USR
USR1 - Intended for customers own developments

8. What are control tables?
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values via control tables.

9. What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between different SAP systems.

10. What is a table pool?
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the
ABAP/4 Dictionary. The definition of a pool consists of at least two keys
Fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).

11. What are pooled tables?
These are logical tables which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as Screen sequences or program parameters).

12. What is a table cluster?
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.

13. How can we access the correction and transport system?
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.

14. Which objects are independent transport objects?
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent tables, Structures, Views, Match code objects, Match code IDs,Lock objects.

15. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database interface.

16. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & external level?
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager DYNP.

17. What are the Data types of the external layer?
ACCP, CHAR, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DEC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT, VARC.

18. What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount or counter field (packed; implementation depends on hardware platform).
S: Time stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
T: Time of day HHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.

19. How can we set the tablespaces and extent sizes ?
You can specify the extent sizes and the tablespace (physical storage area in the database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.

20. What is the function of the correction system?
The correction system manages changes to internal system components,
such as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.

21. What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class $TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.

22. What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class.This enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.

23. What is a data dictionary ?
Data dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about
What data is contained ?
What are the attributes of the data ?
What is the relationship existing between the various data elements ?

23. What functions does a data dictionary perform ?
In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are
- Management of data definitions
- Provision of information for evaluation
- Support for software development
- Support form documentation
- Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.

24. What are the features of ABAP/4 Dictionary ?
The most important features are :
- Integrated to ABAP/4 Development Workbench
- Active in the runtime environment

25. What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary ?
The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary :
- Information on fields displayed with F1 help
- Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help
- Matchcode and help views search utitlities.

26.What are the basic objects of the data dictionary ?
- Tables
- Domains
- Data elements
- Structures
- Foreign keys

27. What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary?
- Views
- Matchcodes
- Lock objects

28.In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database (T/F)
True

29. ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical _ (Logical/Physical) definition of the table.

30. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
• As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.

31. A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference table and a reference field. Explain.
• As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other table which contains a field with the format for quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as reference field. The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.

32. What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data dictionary) ?
By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the database. The technical settings allows us to
- optimize storage space requiremnets
- table access behaviour
- buffering required
- changes to entries logged

33.What is a Table attribute ?
The table attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
a. Delivery class
b. Table maintenance allowed
c. Activation type.

34. What is the significance of Delivery Class ?
The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table maintenance
• whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
• determines the table type.
• determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported, and when a client copy is performed.

35. What is the maximum number of structures that can be included in a table or structure
- Nine.

36. What are the two methods of modifying Sap standard tables ?
- Append Structures and
- Customizing Includes.

39. What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure ?
In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the forma of a statement .include... .
In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the refrence originates in the append structure.

40. To how many tables can an append structure be assigned ?
One.

41. If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures. Why?
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.

42.Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster tables ?
No.

43. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain ?
• By specifying fixed values.
• By stipulating a value table.

44. Structures can contain data only during the run time of a program (T/F)
- True.

45. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
- Views
- Match Code
- Lock object

46.What are base tables of an aggregate object?
The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate object.

47.The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables. (T/F).
-True.

48. What are the 2 other types of Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0?
- Structure Views
- Entity Views.

49. What is a Match Code?
Match Code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match codes are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.

50. What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?
- Match Code object
- Match Code Id.

51. What is the maximum number of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object ?
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.

52. Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP Matchcodes ?
Yes, the numbers 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code IDs for a SAP defined Matchcode object.

53. What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?
If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes . You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode ID.

54. Can matchcode object contain IDs with different update types ?
- Yes.

55. What are the update types possible ?
The following update types are possible:
Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes.
Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes.
Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.
Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.
Update type K: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module.

56. What are the two different ways of building a match code object ?
A match code can be built in two different ways :
• Logical structure : The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match code is accessed. (Update type I, K)
• Physical structure : The match code data is physically stored in a seperate table in the database. (Update type A, S, P)

57. What are the differences between a Database index and a match code ?
• Match Code can contain fields from severeal tables whereas an index can contain fields from only one table.
• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables.

58. What is the function of a Domain?
• A domian describes the technical settings of a table field.
• A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain.
• A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure.

59. Can you delete a domain which is being used by data elements ?
- No.

60. What are conversion routines ?
Non standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines.

61. What is the function of a data element ?
A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element contains semantic information.

62. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed ?
Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain).

63. Can you delete data element which is being used by table fields .
No.

64. Can you define a field without a data element ?
Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter data type and field length and a ashort text directly in the table maintenance.

65. What are null values ?
If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value.

66. What is the difference between a structure and a table ?
Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that no database table is generated from them.

67. What is a View ?
A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e, the data from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables.

68. How many types of Views are there ?
- Database View
- Help View
- Projection View
- Maintenance View

69. What is Locking ?
When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronised by a lock mechanism.

70. What is database utility ?
Database utility is the interface betweenn the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP system.

71. What are the basic fucntions of Database utility ?
The basic functions of database utility are :
- Create database objects
- Delete database objects
- Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.

72. What is Repository Info. Systems ?
It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.

ABAP Interview Questions Part I

2006-01-05T13:30:00.000+05:30

1. If a table does not have MANDT as part of the primary key, it is ____.A: A structure
B: Invalid
C:Client-independent
D: Not mandatory

2. In regard to CALL, which of the following is NOT a valid statement?A: CALL FUNCTION
B: CALL SCREEN
C: CALL TRANSACTION
D: CALL PROGRAM

3. Name the type of ABAP Dictionary table that has these characteristics:
Same number of fields as the database table
Same name as database table
Maps 1:1 to database table
A: Pooled
B: Cluster
C: Transparent
D: View

4. An event starts with an event keyword and ends with:
A: Program execution.
B: END-OF-EVENT.
C: Another event keyword.
D: END-EVENT.

5. What is the system field for the current date?A: SY-DATUM
B: SY-DATE
C: SY-DATID
D: SY-SDATE

6. The following code indicates:
SELECT fld1 fld2 FROM tab1 APPENDING TABLE itab
WHERE fld1 IN sfld1.
A: Add rows to the existing rows of itab.
B: Add rows to itab after first deleting any existing rows of itab.
C: Select rows from tab1 for matching itab entries.
D: Nothing, this is a syntax error.

7. You may change the following data object as shown below so that it equals 3.14.
CONSTANTS: PI type P decimals 2 value ‘3.1′.
PI = ‘3.14′.
A: True
B: False

8. The SAP service that ensures data integrity by handling locking is called:
A: Update
B: Dialog
C: Enqueue/Dequeue
D: Spool

9. Which of these sentences most accurately describes the GET VBAK LATE. event?
A: This event is processed before the second time the GET VBAK event is processed.
B: This event is processed after all occurrences of the GET VBAK event are completed.
C: This event will only be processed after the user has selected a basic list row.
D: This event is only processed if no records are selected from table VBAK.

10. Which of the following is not a true statement in regard to a hashed internal table type?
A: Its key must always be UNIQUE.
B: May only be accessed by its key.
C: Response time for accessing a row depends on the number of entries in the table.
D: Declared using internal table type HASHED TABLE.

11. TO include database-specific SQL statements within an ABAP program, code them between:
A: NATIVE SQL_ENDNATIVE.
B: DB SQL_ENDDB.
C: SELECT_ENDSELECT.
D: EXEC SQL_ENDEXEC.

12. To measure how long a block of code runs, use the ABAP statement:
A: GET TIME .
B: SET TIME FIELD .
C: GET RUN TIME FIELD .
D: SET CURSOR FIELD .

13. When a secondary list is being processed, the data of the basic list is available by default.
A: True
B: False

14. Given:
DATA: BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 10,
qty type I,
END OF itab.
DO 25 TIMES. itab-qty = sy-index. APPEND itab. ENDDO.
LOOP AT itab WHERE qty > 10.
WRITE: /1 itab-qty.
ENDLOOP.
This will result in:
A: Output of only those itab rows with a qty field less than 10
B: Output of the first 10 itab rows with a qty field greater than 10
C: A syntax error
D: None of the above

15. After a DESCRIBE TABLE statement SY-TFILL will contain
A: The number of rows in the internal table.
B: The current OCCURS value.
C: Zero, if the table contains one or more rows.
D: The length of the internal table row structure.

16. You may declare your own internal table type using the TYPES keyword.
A: True
B: False

17. After adding rows to an internal table with COLLECT, you should avoid adding more rows with APPEND.
A: True
B: False

18. Which of the following is not a component of control break processing when looping at an internal table?
A: AT START OF
B: AT FIRST
C: AT LAST
D: AT NEW

19. A dictionary table is made available for use within an ABAP program via the TABLES statement.
A: True
B: False

20. Which of the following would be best for hiding further selection criteria until a function is chosen?
A: AT NEW SELECTION-SCREEN
B: SELECTION-SCREEN AT LINE-SELECTION
C: SUBMIT SELECTION-SCREEN
D: CALL SELECTION-SCREEN

21. What must you code in the flow logic to prevent a module from being called unless a field contains a non-initial value (as determined by its data type)?
A: ON INPUT
B: CHAIN
C: FIELD
D: ON REQUEST

22. The AT USER-COMMAND event is triggered by functions defined in the ____.
A: screen painter
B: ABAP report
C: menu painter status
D: ABAP Dictionary

23. In regard to a function group, which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A: Combines similar function modules.
B: Shares global data with all its function modules.
C: Exists within the ABAP workbench as an include program.
D: Shares subroutines with all its function modules.

24. In regard to SET PF-STATUS, you can deactivate unwanted function codes by using ____.
A: EXCLUDING
B: IMMEDIATELY
C: WITHOUT
D: HIDE

25. In regard to data transported in PAI when the FIELD statement is used, which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A: Fields in PBO are transported directly from PAI.
B: Fields with identical names are transported to the ABAP side.
C: Fields not defined in FIELD statements are transported first.
D: Fields that are defined in FIELD statements are transported when their corresponding module is called.

26. The order in which an event appears in the ABAP code determines when the event is processed.
A: True
B: False

27. A field declared as type T has the following internal representation:
A: SSMMHH
B: HHMMSS
C: MMHHSS
D: HHSSMM

28. Which of the following is NOT a component of the default standard ABAP report header?
A: Date and Time
B: List title
C: Page number
D: Underline

29. Assuming a pushbutton with function code ‘FUNC’ is available in the toolbar of a list report, what event is processed when the button is clicked?
A: AT USER-COMMAND.
B: AT PFn.
C: AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
D: END-OF-SELECTION.

30. In regard to field selection, what option of the SELECT statement is required?
A: FOR ALL ENTRIES
B: WHERE
C: INTO
D: MOVE-CORRESPONDING

31. The following program outputs what?
report zjgtest1
write: /1 ‘Ready_’.
PARAMETER: test.
INITIALIZATION.
write: /1 ‘Set_’.
START-OF-SELECTION.
write: /1 ‘GO!!’.
A: Set_ GO!! (each on its own line)
B: Set_ Ready_ GO!! (all on their own lines)
C: Ready_ GO!! (each on its own line)
D: Ready_ Set_ GO!! (all on their own lines)

32. To declare a selection criterion that does not appear on the selection screen, use:
A: NO-DISPLAY
B: INVISIBLE
C: MODIF ID
D: OBLIGATORY

33. An internal table that is nested within another internal table should not contain a header line.
A: True
B: False

34. What is output by the following code?
DATA: BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 0, letter type c, END OF itab.
itab-letter = ‘A’. APPEND itab. itab-letter = ‘B’. APPEND itab.
itab-letter = ‘C’. APPEND itab. itab-letter = ‘D’. APPEND itab.
LOOP AT itab.
SY-TABIX = 2.
WRITE itab-letter.
EXIT.
ENDLOOP.
A: A
B: A B C D
C: B
D: B C D

35. To select all database entries for a certain WHERE clause into an internal table in one step, use
A: SELECT_INTO TABLE itab_
B: SELECT_INTO itab_
C: SELECT_APPENDING itab
D: SELECT_itab_

36. After a successful SELECT statement, what does SY-SUBRC equal?
A: 0
B: 4
C: 8
D: Null

37. This selection screen syntax forces the user to input a value:
A: REQUIRED-ENTRY
B: OBLIGATORY
C: DEFAULT
D: SELECTION-SCREEN EXCLUDE

38. If the following code results in a syntax error, the remedy is:
DATA: itab TYPE SORTED TABLE OF rec_type WITH UNIQUE KEY field1
WITH HEADER LINE.
itab-field1 = ‘Company’. itab-field2 = ‘1234′. INSERT TABLE itab.
itab-field1 = ‘Bank’. itab-field2 = ‘ABC’. INSERT TABLE itab.
SORT itab.
LOOP AT itab.
write: /1 itab-field1, itab-field2.
ENDLOOP.
A: There is no syntax error here
B: Remove the SORT statement
C: Change INSERT to APPEND
D: Add a WHERE clause to the loop

39. If this code results in an error, the remedy is:
SELECT fld1 fld2 FROM tab1 WHERE fld3 = pfld3.
WRITE: /1 tab1-fld1, tab1-fld2.
ENDSELECT.
A: Add a SY-SUBRC check.
B: Change the WHERE clause to use fld1 or fld2.
C: Remove the /1 from the WRITE statement.
D: Add INTO (tab1-fld1, tab1-fld2).

40. When modifying an internal table within LOOP AT itab. _ ENDLOOP. you must include an index number.
A: True
B: False

41. To allow the user to enter values on the screen for a list field, use:
A: OPEN LINE.
B: SET CURSOR FIELD.
C: WRITE fld AS INPUT FIELD.
D: FORMAT INPUT ON.

42. Before a function module may be tested, it must first be:
A: Linked
B: Authorized
C: Released
D: Active

43. To include a field on your screen that is not in the ABAP Dictionary, which include program should contain the data declaration for the field?
A: PBO module include program
B: TOP include program
C: PAI module include program
D: Subroutine include program

44. If a table contains many duplicate values for a field, minimize the number of records returned by using this SELECT statement addition.
A: MIN
B: ORDER BY
C: DISTINCT
D: DELETE

45. The system internal table used for dynamic screen modification is named:
A: ITAB
B: SCREEN
C: MODTAB
D: SMOD

46. Within the source code of a function module, errors are handled via the keyword:
A: EXCEPTION
B: RAISE
C: STOP
D: ABEND

47. Which system field contains the contents of a selected line?
A: SY-CUCOL
B: SY-LILLI
C: SY-CUROW
D: SY-LISEL

48. The following statement writes what type of data object?
WRITE: /1 ‘Total Amount:’.
A: Text literal
B: Text variable
C: In-code comment
D: Text integer

49. For the code below, second_field is of what data type?
DATA: first_field type P, second_field like first_field.
A: P
B: C
C: N
D: D

50. Which of the following describes the internal representation of a type D data object?
A: DDMMYYYY
B: YYYYDDMM
C: MMDDYYYY
D: YYYYMMDD

51. A BDC program is used for all of the following except:
A: Downloading data to a local file
B: Data interfaces between SAP and external systems
C: Initial data transfer
D: Entering a large amount of data

52. In regard to PERFORM, which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A: May be used within a subroutine.
B: Requires actual parameters.
C: Recursive calls are allowed in ABAP.
D: Can call a subroutine in another program.

53. What is the transaction code for the ABAP Editor?
A: SE11
B: SE38
C: SE36
D: SE16

54. In regard to HIDE, which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A: Saves the contents of variables in relation to a list line’s row number.
B: The hidden variables must be output on a list line.
C: The HIDE area is retrieved when using the READ LINE statement.
D: The HIDE area is retrieved when an interactive event is triggered.

55. Database locks are sufficient in a multi-user environment.
A: True
B: False

56. The complete technical definition of a table field is determined by the field’s:
A: Domain
B: Field name
C: Data type
D: Data element

57. In regard to LEAVE, which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A: May be used to return immediately to a calling program.
B: May be used to stop the current loop pass and get the next.
C: May be used to start a new transaction.
D: May be used to go to the next screen.

58. The following code indicates:
SELECT fld6 fld3 fld2 fld1 FROM tab1 INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE itab
WHERE fld3 = pfld3.
A: The order of the fields in itab does not matter.
B: Fill the header line of itab, but not the body.
C: Table itab can only contain fields also in table tab1.
D: None of the above.

59. The ABAP statement below indicates that the program should continue with the next line of code if the internal table itab:
CHECK NOT itab[] IS INITIAL.

A: Contains no rows
B: Contains at least one row
C: Has a header line
D: Has an empty header line

60. What will be output by the following code?
DATA: BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 0, fval type i, END OF itab.
itab-fval = 1. APPEND itab.
itab-fval = 2. APPEND itab.
FREE itab.
WRITE: /1 itab-fval.
A: 2
B: 0
C: blank
D: 1

61. To allow the user to enter a range of values on a selection screen, use the ABAP keyword:
A: DATA.
B: RANGES.
C: PARAMETERS.
D: SELECT-OPTIONS.

62. If an internal table is declared without a header line, what else must you declare to work with the table’s rows?
A: Another internal table with a header line.
B: A work area with the same structure as the internal table.
C: An internal table type using the TYPES statement.
D: A PARAMETER.

63. Assuming an internal table contains 2000 entries, how many entries will it have after the following line of code is executed?
DELETE itab FROM 1500 TO 1700.
A: This is a syntax error.
B: 1801
C: 1800
D: 1799

64. To remove lines from a database table, use ____.
A: UPDATE
B: MODIFY
C: ERASE
D: DELETE

65. All of the following may be performed using SET CURSOR except:
A: Move the cursor to a specific field on a list.
B: Move the cursor to a specific list line.
C: Move the cursor to a specific pushbutton, activating that function.
D: Move the cursor to a specific row and column on a list.

66. When is it optional to pass an actual parameter to a required formal parameter of a function module?
A: The actual parameter is type C.
B: The formal parameter contains a default value.
C: The formal parameter’s \”Reference\” attribute is turned on.
D: It is never optional.

67. Coding two INITIALIZATION events will cause a syntax error.A: True
B: False

68. Adding a COMMIT WORK statement between SELECT_ENDSELECT is a good method for improving performance.
A: True
B: False

69. To save information on a list line for use after the line is selected, use this keyword.
A: APPEND
B: EXPORT
C: WRITE
D: HIDE

70. To bypass automatic field input checks, include this in PAI.A: AT EXIT-COMMAND
B: ON INPUT
C: ON REQUEST
D: LEAVE TO SCREEN 0.

71. Within a function module’s source code, if the MESSAGE_RAISING statement is executed, all of the following system fields are filled automatically except:
A: SY-MSGTY
B: SY-MSGNO
C: SY-MSGV1
D: SY-MSGWA

72. The following code indicates:
REPORT ZLISTTST.
START-OF-SELECTION.
WRITE: text-001.
FORMAT HOTSPOT ON.
WRITE: text-002.
FORMAT HOTSPOT OFF.
AT LINE-SELECTION.
WRITE / text-003.
A: Text-002 may not be selected.
B: The value of text-002 is stored in a special memory area.
C: Text-002 may be clicked once to trigger the output of text-003.
D: None of the above.

73. The ____ type of ABAP Dictionary view consists of one or more transparent tables and may be accessed by an ABAP program using Open SQL.
A: Database view
B: Projection view
C: Help view
D: Entity view

74. A concrete field is associated with a field-symbol via ABAP keyword
A: MOVE
B: WRITE
C: ASSIGN
D: VALUE

75. The output for the following code will be:
report zabaprg.
DATA: char_field type C.
char_field = ‘ABAP data’.
WRITE char_field.
A: ABAP data
B: A
C: Nothing, there is a syntax error
D: None of the above

76. Page footers are coded in the event:
A: TOP-OF-PAGE.
B: END-OF-SELECTION.
C: NEW-PAGE.
D: END-OF-PAGE.

77. The event AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT. occurs before the selection screen is displayed and is the best event for assigning default values to selection criteria.A: True
B: False
78. The TABLES statement declares a data object.
A: True
B: False

79. Assuming tab1-fld7 is not a key field, how can you prevent reading all the table rows?
SELECT fld1 fld2 fld3 FROM tab1 INTO (fld4, fld5, fld6)
WHERE fld7 = pfld7.
WRITE: /1 fld4, fld5, fld6.
ENDSELECT.
A: Take fld7 out of the WHERE clause.
B: Create an index in the ABAP Dictionary for tab1-fld7.
C: Use INTO TABLE instead of just INTO.
D: Take the WRITE statement out of the SELECT_ENDSELECT.

80. Which of the following is NOT a required attribute when creating an ABAP program?A: Application
B: Title
C: Status
D: Type

81. When creating a transparent table in the ABAP Dictionary, which step automatically creates the table in the underlying database?
A: Adding technical settings to the table
B: Checking the table syntax
C: Saving the table
D: Activating the table

82. Within the ABAP program attributes, Type = 1 represents:A: INCLUDE program
B: Online program
C: Module pool
D: Function group
E: Subroutine pool

83. If this code results in an error, the remedy is:
SELECT fld1 SUM( fld1 ) FROM tab1 INTO_
A: Remove the spaces from SUM( fld1 ).
B: Move SUM( fld1 ) before fld1.
C: Add GROUP BY f1.
D: Change to SUM( DISTINCT f1 ).

84. Which keyword adds rows to an internal table while accumulating numeric values?A: INSERT
B: APPEND
C: COLLECT
D: GROUP

85. Assuming itab has a header line, what will be output by the following code?
READ TABLE itab INDEX 3 TRANSPORTING field1.
WRITE: /1 itab-field1, itab-field2.
A: The contents of the third row’s itab-field1.
B: The contents of the third row’s itab-field1 and itab-field2.
C: The contents of the third row’s itab-field2.
D: Nothing.

86. The following code indicates:
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1.
PARAMETERS: myparam(10) type C,
Myparam2(10) type N,
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK.
A: Draw a box around myparam and myparam2 on the selection screen.
B: Allow myparam and myparam2 to be ready for input during an error dialog.
C: Do not display myparam and myparam2 on the selection screen.
D: Display myparam and myparam2 only if both fields have default values.

87. Which statement will sort the data of an internal table with fields FRUIT, QTY, and PRICE so that it appears as follows?
FRUIT QTY PRICE
Apples 12 22.50
Apples 9 18.25
Oranges 15 17.35
Bananas 20 10.20
Bananas 15 6.89
Bananas 5 2.75
A: SORT itab DESCENDING BY QTY PRICE.
B: SORT itab BY PRICE FRUIT.
C: SORT itab.
D: SORT itab BY PRICE DESCENDING.

88. Which keyword adds a line anywhere within an internal table?A: APPEND
B: MODIFY
C: ADD
D: INSERT

89. To read a single line of an internal table, use the following:A: LOOP AT itab. _ ENDLOOP.
B: READ itab.
C: SELECT SINGLE * FROM itab.
D: READ TABLE itab.

90. Which Open SQL statement should not be used with cluster databases?A: UPDATE
B: MODIFY
C: DELETE
D: INSERT

91. To include a field on your screen that is not in the ABAP Dictionary, which include program should contain the data declaration for the field?
A: PBO module include program
B: TOP include program
C: PAI module include program
D: Subroutine include program

92. This flow logic statement is used to make multiple fields open for input after an error or warning message.
A: GROUP
B: FIELD-GROUP
C: CHAIN
D: LOOP AT SCREEN

93. Given:
PERFORM subroutine USING var.
The var field is known as what type of parameter?
A: Formal
B: Actual
C: Static
D: Value

ABAP Data Dictionary

2006-01-05T13:00:00.000+05:30

ABAP Data Dictionary centrally describes and manages all the data definations used in the system. The ABAP dictionary is completly integrated in the ABAP workbench. All the other components of the workbench can actively access the definations stored in the ABAP dictionary.

ABAP Dictionary stores :

1. Tables
2. Views
3. Types
4. Domains
5. Search Helps
6. Lock Objects

In the development environment or projects objects of the ABAP dictionary can be changed any number of times before activated and made available to the operative components of the system. Objects can have both active and nonn active version in the ABAP dictionary at the same time.
Inactive ABAP Dictionary objects have no effect on the runtime system. The objects can only be activated together when they have all been changed.

Transaction Codes for ABAP Dictionary.

SE11 - Data Dictionary

ABAP System Fields

2006-01-01T23:11:00.000+05:30

ABAP System Fields.

ABCDE Constant: Alphabet (A,B,C,...)

APPLI SAP applications

BATCH Background active (X)

IF SY-BATCH EQ SPACE.

WRITE: / 'Report was started on-line'.

WRITE: / 'Using variant:', SY-SLSET.

ELSE.

WRITE: / 'Report was started in background'.

ENDIF.

BATZDBackground SUBMIT: Daily

BATZMBackground SUBMIT: Monthly

BATZOBackground SUBMIT: Once

BATZSBackground SUBMIT: Immediately

BATZW Background SUBMIT: Weekly

BINPTBatch input active (X)

This field indicates if the transaction was called in a Batch Input session or by an online user. To test it, a batch input session must be created. From Release 3.1g the next procedure can be used.

o Create a report which displays this system field
o Create a Transaction code for this report
o Use transaction SHDB to record a the previous transaction
o Press the Overview button and choose the 'generate program' function.
o Running the previously generated program it will create a Batch Input
session
o Now call transaction SM35 and process the created Batch Input in
foreground. It should display an 'X' for system field SY-BINPT.

BREP4Background SUBMIT: Root name of request report

BSPLDBackground SUBMIT: List output to spool

CALLDCALL mode active (X)

This field indicates if the transaction was called from another transaction.

o Create a report which displays this system field
o Create a Transaction code for this report
o Create a new report containing the next ABAP command: CALL TRANSACTION tcode. Where tcode is the Transaction code you created. When you run this report, it should display an 'X' for system field SY-CALLD.

CALLR Print: ID for print dialog function

CCURS Rate specification/result field (CURRENCY CONVERT)

CCURTTable rate from currency conversion

CDATEDate of rate from currency conversion

COLNOCurrent column during list creation

WRITE: SY-COLNO, ',', SY-LINNO, 'Cursor position (column, row).'.

CPAGECurrent page number

WRITE: / 'SY-CPAGE:', SY-CPAGE LEFT-JUSTIFIED.

CPROG
Runtime: Main program
WRITE: /5 'Main program:' RIGHT-JUSTIFIED, 40 SY-CPROG.

CTABLExchange rate table from currency conversion

CTYPE
Exchange rate type 'M','B','G' from CURRENCY CONVERSION

CUCOLCursor position (column)

WRITE: / 'SY-CUCOL:', SY-CUCOL LEFT-JUSTIFIED.

CUROWCursor position (line)

WRITE: / 'SY-CUROW:', SY-CUROW LEFT-JUSTIFIED.

DATARFlag: Data received

In transaction programming this field indicates the change of data on the screen. In the PBO part you may set default values of the input fields of the dynpro. In the PAI part you can check if they were changed. If SY-DATAR is set, then the user has modified or entered new data on the screen.

DATLOLocal date for user

DATUMSystem: Date

DATUTGlobal date related to UTC (GMT)

DAYSTSummertime active ? ('daylight saving time')

DBCNT Number of elements in edited dataset with DB operations
WRITE: /12 'Number of selected records:', SY-DBCNT CENTERED.

DBNAMLogical database for ABAP/4 program

DBSYS System: Database system

DCSYS System: Dialog system

DSNAMRuntime: Name of dataset for spool output

DYNGRScreen group of current screen

DYNNRNumber of current screen

FDAYWFactory calendar weekday

FDPOSLocation of a string

SEARCH T FOR 're'.

READ TABLE T INDEX SY-TABIX.

WRITE: / SY-TABIX, T-FIELD.

SKIP.

WRITE: /9 'At the example of sy-tabix, Row', (3) SY-TABIX, ',' ,

'keyword ''re'' found at off-set position:', (3) SY-FDPOS.

FMKEY Current function code menu

HOST Host

INDEX
Number of loop passes

DO 5 TIMES.

WRITE: SY-INDEX.

ENDDO.

LANGUSAP logon language key

LDBPGProgram: ABAP/4 database program for SY-DBNAM

LILLI Number of current list line

AT LINE-SELECTION.

DETAIL.
* SY-LSIND is the index of the current list
WRITE: / 'SY-LSIND:', SY-LSIND LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
* SY-LISTI is the index of the previous list
WRITE: / 'SY-LISTI:', SY-LISTI LEFT-JUSTIFIED.
* SY-LILLI is the number of the selected line in the absolute list
WRITE: / 'SY-LILLI:', SY-LILLI LEFT-JUSTIFIED.

LINCT Number of list lines

WRITE: / SY-LINCT, 'line and', (3) SY-LINSZ, 'column is a page'.

LINNOCurrent line for list creation

WRITE: SY-COLNO, ',', SY-LINNO, 'Cursor position (column, row).'.

LINSZ Line size of list

WRITE: SY-COLNO, ',', SY-LINNO, 'Cursor position (column, row).'.

LISELInteract.: Selected line

* contents of the selected line

WRITE: / 'SY-LISEL:', SY-LISEL.

LISTINumber of current list line

* SY-LISTI is the index of the previous list

WRITE: / 'SY-LISTI:', SY-LISTI LEFT-JUSTIFIED.

LOCDB Local database exists

LOCOPLocal database operation

LOOPCNumber of LOOP lines at screen step loop

LSINDNumber of secondary list

* SY-LSIND is the index of the current list

WRITE: / 'SY-LSIND:', SY-LSIND LEFT-JUSTIFIED.

LSTATInteract.: Status information for each list level

MACDBProgram: Name of file for matchcode access

MACOLNumber of columns from SET MARGIN

MANDTClient number from SAP logon

MARKYCurrent line character for MARK

MAROWNo. of lines from SET MARGIN statement

MODNO Number of alternative modi

MSGIDMessage ID

MSGLI Interact.: Message line (line 23)

MSGNOMessage number

MSGTYMessage type (E,I.W,...)

MSGV1Message variable

MSGV2Message variable

MSGV3Message variable

MSGV4Message variable

OPSYSSystem: Operating system

PAARTPrint: Format

PAGCTPage size of list from REPORT statement

PAGNORuntime: Current page in list

PDESTPrint: Output device

PEXPIPrint: Spool retention period

PFKEYRuntime: Current F key status

PLISTPrint: Name of spool request (list name)

PRABTPrint: Department on cover sheet

PRBIGPrint: Selection cover sheet

PRCOPPrint: Number of copies

PRDSNPrint: Name of spool dataset

PREFXABAP/4 prefix for background jobs

PRIMMPrint: Print immediately

PRNEWPrint: New spool request (list)

PRRECPrint: Recipient

PRRELPrint: Delete after printing

PRTXTPrint: Text for cover sheet

REPIDProgram: Name of ABAP/4 program

RTITLPrint: Report title of program to be printed

SAPRLSystem: SAP Release

SCOLSColumns on screen

SLSETName of selection set

SPONORuntime: Spool number for list output

SPONRRuntime: Spool number from TRANSFER statement

SROWSLines on screen

STACOInteract.: List displayed from column

STAROInteract.: Page displayed from line

STEPLNumber of LOOP line at screen step

SUBRCReturn value after specific ABAP/4 statements

SUBTYABAP/4: Call type for SUBMIT

SYSIDSystem: SAP System ID

TABIXRuntime: Current line of an internal table

SEARCH T FOR 're'.

READ TABLE T INDEX SY-TABIX.

TCODESession: Current transaction code

TFDSNRuntime: Dataset for data extracts

TFILLCurrent number of entries in internal table

TIMLOLocal time for user

TIMUTGlobal time related to UTC (GMT)

TITLETitle of ABAP/4 program

TLENGLine width of an internal table

TMAXLMaximum number of entries in internal table (?)

TNAMEName of internal table after an access (?)

TOCCUOCCURS parameter with internal tables

TPAGIFlag indicating roll-out of internal table to paging area (?)

TSTLOTimestamp (date and time) for user

TSTUTTimestamp (date and time) related to UTC (GMT)

TTABCNumber of line last read in an internal table (?)

TTABIOffset of internal table in roll area (?)

TVAR0Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR1Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR2 Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR3Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR4Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR5Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR6Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR7Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR8Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TVAR9Runtime: Text variable for ABAP/4 text elements

TZONETime difference from 'Greenwich Mean Time' (UTC) in seconds

UCOMMInteract.: Command field function entry

ULINEConstant: Underline (---------...)

UNAMESession: SAP user from SAP logon

UZEITSystem: Time

VLINEConstant: Vertical bar

WAERST001: Company code currency after reading B segment

WILLINumber of current window line

WINCOCursor position in window (column)

WINDIIndex of current window line

WINROCursor position in window (line)

WINSLInteract.: Selected window line

WINX1Window coordinate (column left)

WINX2Window coordinate (column right)

WINY1Window coordinate (line left)

WINY2Window coordinate (line right)

WTITLStandard page header indicator

XCODEExtended command field

ZONLOTime zone of user

SAP R/3 ABAP Architecture

2006-01-01T21:23:00.000+05:30

Before moving further it is essential to know the Architectur of SAP /3. You will find here excellent architechtural view in short.

SAP R/3 ABAP Architecture (Logical View ):-

SAP R/3 ABAP Architecture ( Software View ):-

SAP R/3 ABAP Application Server Architecture :-

In short:
Application server also knows as ‘Instance’, Database Server known as ‘Central Instance’.
The architecture of application server defines as:
All the requests that come from the presentation servers are directed first to the dispatcher. The dispatcher writes them fist to the dispatcher queue. Te dispatcher pulls the request from the queue on first-in , first-out basis. Each request is then allocated to the first available work process.

To perform any processing for a user’s request a work process needs to address two special memory areas i.e. User Context and the program roll area. The user context is a memory area that contains information about the user and the roll area is a memory area that contains information about the user, and the roll area is a memory area that contains information about the program execution.

User Context is responsible for:
- User’s Current settings
- User Authorizations
- The name of the program the user currently is running

Roll Area is responsible for:
- The values of the variables
- The dynamic memory allocations
- The current program pointer

Each time a user starts a program, a roll area is created for that instance of the program. If two users run the same program at the same time, two roll areas will exist-one for each user. The roll area is freed when the program ends.

Roll Area and the user context play an important part in dialog step processing.

Roll-In / Roll-out processing in dialog step process. An ABAP/4 program only occupies a work process for one dialog step. At the beginning of the dialog step, the roll area and user context are rolled into the work process. At the end of the dialog step they rolled out.
During the roll in pointers to the roll area and user context are populated in the work process. This enables the work process to access the data in those areas and so perform processing for that user and that program. Processing continues until the program sends a screen to the user. At that time, both areas are rolled out. Roll-out invalidates the pointers and disassociates these areas from the work process. That work process is now free to perform processing for other requests. The program is now only occupying memory, and not consuming any CPU. The user is looking at the screen that was sent, and will soon send another request.

Components of work process:
Each work process composed of:
- A Task Handler
- An ABAP Interpreter
- A screen Interpreter
- A Database Interface
All requests pass through the task handler, which then funnels the request to the appropriate part of the work process.
The interpreters interpret the ABAP/4 code. Notice that there are two interpreters: the ABAP/4 interpreter and the screen interpreter. There are actually two dialects of ABAP/4. One is the full-blown ABAP/4 data processing language and the other is a very specialized screen processing language. Each is processed by its own interpreter. The database interface handles the job of communicating with the database.

There are seven types of work process each handles a separate type of requests.
WP Type Request Type
D (Dialog) Dialog requests
V (Update) Requests to update data in the database
B (Background) Background jobs
S (Spool) Print spool requests
E (Enqueue) Logical lock requests
M (Message) Routes messages between application servers within an R/3 system
G (Gateway) Funnels messages into and out of the R/3 system

Memory Structures of an ABAP Program
A user can open up to six R/3 windows in a single SAPgui session. Each of these windows corresponds to a session on the application sever with its own area of shared memory.
The first application program that you start in a session opens an internal session within the main session. The internal session has a memory area that contains the ABAP program and its associated data. When the program call external routines (methods, subroutines or functional module) in their main program and working data are also loaded in to the memory area of the internal session.

Only one internal session is ever active. If the application program calls a further application program the system opens another internal session. Here there are two possible cases: If the second program does not return control to the calling program when it has finished running, the called program replaces the calling program in the internal session. The Contents of the memory of the calling program are deleted. If the second program does return control to the calling program when it has finished running the session of the called program is not deleted. Instead it becomes inactive and its memory contents are placed on a stack.

The memory area of each session contains an area called ABAP memory. ABAP memory is available to all internal sessions.

All ABAP programs can also access the SAP memory. This is the area to which all sessions within a SAPGUI have access. One can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a session or to pass data from one session to another.
Application programs that use SAP memory must do so using SAP/GAP parameters (also known as SET/Get parameters).
SAP memory is the only connection between the different sessions within a SAPgui.

ABAP Work Bench

2006-01-01T13:00:00.000+05:30

The ABAP/4 language is the central tool in the excellent development package called ABAP/4 Development Workbench.

ABAP/4 Development Workbench proves its strength in R/3 system itself where more then thousand developers used the workbench tools to build an Integrated Packages of business Application.

Development WorkBench is made up of the following tools.

1. Object Browser
2. ABAP/4 Language
3. Repository Includes the Active Directoy.
4. Data Modeler
5. The Query
6. workBench Organiser
7. Various Test & Analysis Tools

ABAP/4 Repository

Repository Conatins all the development objects .

1. Data Models
2. Programs
3. Dictionary Types & Tables Structures
4. System wide Reusable Functions
5. Screens
6. GUI statuses with meny functions and Icons
7. Language dependent texts such as help info, documetation and error messages
8. Report Variants
9. ABAP/4 Queries

Transaction Codes related to ABAP Workbench
- "S001" ABAP Development WorkBench
- "SE09" WorkBench Organiser
- "SE80" ABAP/4 Development WorkBench

What is SAP R/3?

2006-01-01T12:59:00.000+05:30

R/3 is an integrrated suit of applications designed to handled the data processing for large corporations. R/3 is Developed by SAP (System Applications and Products in Data Processing ) a german based company.

Within R/3 (Real Time Three Tier Architechture) is a runtime environment and an integrated suit of application programs writte in SAP's 4-GL, ABAP/4. R/3 Intergrated programs are designed to meet the data processing need of very large business.

Standard set of Application in R/3 also called R/3 fnction areas are :

.PP Production Planning
.MM Material Management
.SD Sales & Distribution
.FI Financial Accounting
.CO Controlling
.AM Fixed asset Management
.PS Project System
.WF Workflow
.IS Industry Solutions
.HR Human Resources
.PM Plant Maintenance
.QM Quality Management

R/3 system divided into three conceptual areas:

1. Appication Area
2. Basis Area
3. Development Workbench

In application area you initiate transaction for the functional area within R/3 i.e. Logistics, Accounting, Human Resources, or Information Systems.

The Basis area, you can run transactions that monitor the R/3 system itself.

Development Workbench is used to create and test ABAP/4 programs. As an ABAP/4 programmer, you will spend most of your time within the Workbench.

SAP R/3 Releases since 1998

- SAP R/3 Release 4.0B Release Date June 1998
- SAP R/3 Release 4.5B Release Date March 1999
- SAP R/3 Release 4.6B Release Date Dec 1999
- SAP R/3 Release 4.6C Release Date April 2001
- SAP R/3 Enterprise Release 4.70 Release Date March- Dec 2003

SAP ABAP TRANSACTION CODES

2006-01-01T12:04:00.000+05:30

Transaction is a dialog program that changes objects in the database in a consistent way. ABAP/4 provides various transaction codes

ABAPDCOU ABAP Documentation

AL02 Database Alert Monitor

AL03 Operating System Alert Monitor

AL05 Workload Alert Monitor

AL08 Current active users (in system)

AL11 Display operating system file from CCMS

DB01 Exclusive waits in Oracle database

DB02 Database performance; tables and index

DB03 Parameter changes in database

DB05 Analysis of table with respect to indexed fields

DB12 Backup logs

DB13 DBA planning calendar

DB14 DBA logs

DI02 ABAP/4 Repository Information System: Tables.

OSS1 SAP Online Service System

OY19 Compare Tables

RZ01 Graphical background job scheduling monitor

RZ02 Network graphical display of instance

RZ03 Server status, alerts, maintain operations mode

RZ04 Maintain operations mode and instance

RZ06 Maintain alert threshold

RZ08 CCMS Alert Monitor

RZ10 Maintain system profiles X

RZ11 Display profile parameter attributes

RZ20 Alert Monitor 4.0

RZ21 Maintain settings for Alert Monitor 4.0

SM13 Update monitor. Will show update tasks status. Very useful to determine why an update failed.

S001 ABAP Development Workbench

S001 ABAP/4 Development Weorkbench.

S002 System Administration.

SA38 Execute a program.

SA38 ABAP reporting

SCAM CATT management

SCAT Computer Aided Test Tool

SCC1 Client copy transport X

SCC3 Client copy log

SCC4 Client copy administration X

SCC5 Delete clients X

SCC6 Client import X

SCC7 Client import – post processing

SCC8 Client export

SCC9 Remote client copy X

SCCL Local client copy X

SCMP Table comparison

SCU0 Compare Tables

SCU3 Table history

SD11 Data Modeler

SE01 Old Transport & Corrections screen

SE03 Groups together most of the tools that you need for doing transports. In total, more than 20 tools can be reached from this one transaction.

SE09 Workbench Organizer

SE10 New Transport & Correction screen

SE11 ABAP/4 Dictionary Maintenance SE12 ABAP/4 Dictionary Display SE13 Maintain Technical Settings (Tables)

SE12 Dictionary: Initial Screen - enter object name.

SE13 Access tables in ABAP/4 Dictionary.

SE14 Utilities for Dictionary Tables

SE15 ABAP/4 Repository Information System

SE16 Data Browser: Initial Screen.

SE16N Table Browser (the N stands for New, it replaces SE16). Provided by Smijo Mathew.

SE17 General Table Display

SE24 Class Builder

SE30 ABAP/4 Runtime Analysis

SE32 ABAP/4 Text Element Maintenance

SE35 ABAP/4 Dialog Modules

SE36 ABAP/4: Logical Databases

SE37 ABAP/4 Function Modules

SE38 ABAP Editor

SE39 Splitscreen Editor: Program Compare

SE41 Menu Painter

SE43 Maintain Area Menu

SE48 Show program call hierarchy. Very useful to see the overall structure of a program. Thanks to Isabelle Arickx for this tcode.

SE49 Table manipulation. Show what tables are behind a transaction code. Thanks to Isabelle Arickx for this tcode.

SE51 Screen Painter: Initial Screen.

SE54 Generate View Maintenance Module

SE61 R/3 Documentation

SE62 Industry utilities

SE63 Translation

SE64 Terminology

SE65 R/3 document. short text statistics SE66 R/3 Documentation Statistics (Test!)

SE68 Translation Administration

SE71 SAPscript layout set

SE71 SAPScript Layouts Create/Change

SE72 SAPscript styles

SE73 SAPscript font maintenance (revised)

SE74 SAPscript format conversion

SE75 SAPscript Settings

SE76 SAPscript Translation Layout Sets

SE77 SAPscript Translation Styles

SE80 ABAP/4 Development Workbench

SE81 SAP Application Hierarchy

SE82 Customer Application Hierarchy

SE83 Reuse Library. Provided by Smiho Mathew.

SE84 ABAP/4 Repository Information System

SE85 ABAP/4 Dictionary Information System

SE86 ABAP/4 Repository Information System

SE87 Data Modeler Information System

SE88 Development Coordination Info System

SE91 Maintain Messages

SE92 Maintain system log messages

SE93 Maintain Transaction

SE95 Modification Browser

SEU Object Browser

SFT2 Maintain public holiday calendar

SFT3 Maintain factory calendar

SHD0 Transaction variant maintenance

SICK Installation check

SM01 Lock transactions X

SM02 System messages

SM04 Overview of users

SM12 Lock table entries (unlock locked tables)

SM13 Update terminates X

SM21 View the system log, very useful when you get a short dump. Provides much more info than short dump

SM30 Maintain Table Views.

SM31 Table Maintenance

SM32 Table maintenance

SM35 View Batch Input Sessions

SM36 Schedule background jobs

SM37 View background jobs

SM39 Job analysis

SM49 External operating system commands, execute

SM50 Process Overview.

SM51 Delete jobs from system (BDC)

SM58 Error log for asynchronous RFC

SM59 RFC connection, maintain

SM62 Display/Maintain events in SAP, also use function BP_EVENT_RAISE

SM63 Operations mode, maintain

SM64 Event trigger

SM66 Global work process overview

SM69 External operating system commands, maintain

SMEN Display the menu path to get to a transaction

SMOD/CMOD Transactions for processing/editing/activating new customer enhancements.

SNRO Object browser for number range maintenance.

SP00 Spool

SP01 Spool control

SP02 Display output requests

SP11 TemSe (temporary sequential objects) contents

SP12 TemSe administration

SPAD Spool administration (printer setup)

SPAM SAP Patch Manager

SPAU Intersection SAP transport/customer modifications

SPCC Spool; consistency check

SPDD Intersection SAP transport/customer modifications, DDIC

SPIC Spool; installation check

SPRO Start SAP IMG (Implementation Guide).

SQ00 ABAP/4 Query: Start Queries

SQ01 ABAP/4 Query: Maintain Queries

SQ02 ABAP/4 Query: Maintain Funct. Areas

SQ03 ABAP/4 Query: Maintain User Groups
(Queries,Funct. Areas,User Groups are stored in table AQGQDOC and AQLQDOC )

SQ07 ABAP/4 Query: Language Comparison

ST01 SAP system trace X

ST02 Buffer statistics

ST03 Workload analysis

ST04 Database performance analysis

ST05 SQL trace X

ST06 Operating system monitor

ST07 Application monitor

ST08 Network monitor

ST09 Network Alert monitor

ST10 Table call statistics

ST11 Display developer trace X

ST12 Application monitor

ST14 Application analysis

ST22 ABAP dump analysis

ST4A Oracle: analyze the shared cursor cache

STAT Local transaction statistics

STMS Transport Management System X

STUN Performance monitoring

ST22 ABAP Dump analysis

SU01 User maintenance X

SU01D Display users

SU02 Maintain authorization profiles X

SU03 Maintain authorizations X

SU10 Mass change to user records X

SU12 Delete ALL Users X

SU2 Maintain user parameters

SU22 Authorization object check in transactions

SU3 Maintain own user parameters

SU53 Display authorization checked values

SU53 Display Authorization Values for User.

WEDI EDI Menu. IDOC and EDI base.

WE02 Display an IDOC

WE07 IDOC Statistics